Farese and Walther find depth in a droplet
“Tobi was a very rare type of person. … When you do a sabbatical many people in the lab ignore you, but Tobi ... without hesitation, said, ‘I’ll help you. Let’s go.’”

In this way, Tobias Walther’s simple question (“What are you working on?”) to Robert Farese Jr. started a long-term collaboration that has become the forefront research group in a new field of biology: how and why our cells make little droplets, called lipid droplets, and why that matters.
In the early 1990s, Farese had been studying enzymes that make oils. In his science, , Farese looks deeply at everyday things others pass over. Lipid droplets had been observed under microscopes since the 1800s, but Farese said, “When I went to the textbooks and tried to learn about them as organelles, I couldn’t find anything.”

Farese and Walther converged from complementary paths: one a U.S. lipid biologist with an M.D., the other a German chemist and biochemist who was a postdoc at the time. Additionally pooling structural biology, biophysics, proteomics, enzymology and physiology, over time they created excellent science.
“We stand on the shoulders of some amazing scientists,” Walther said, “but they didn’t have the tools that we have.”
For what they’ve done with these tools, Walther and Farese, now running a joint lab at Harvard University and both associate members of the Broad Institute, have won the 2022 91影库 and Molecular Biology’s ASBMB–Merck Award.
Droplets by nature are isolated, but good science isn’t. For Walther, “It’s about the work and not (the two of us) … many people in our lab have contributed.” Farese attributes asking good questions to their “constant creative dialogue … ping ponging” ideas for experiments. Both buck egomania in science, appreciating a congratulatory note from mentors over a press release.
Feedback on the science itself, says Walther, is what shows “we’re on the right track.” That track increasingly has shown that there’s depth in a droplet, and there’s yet more to be found.
Two make one
Two enzymes inside us, DGAT1 and DGAT2, like Tobias Walther and Robert Farese Jr., converge with their distinct pathways to work on a common process: encasing energy-rich molecules safely in lipid droplets. (And one of them is ) Lipids left alone to accumulate can be toxic, so it’s safer to bundle them together.
Inside lipid droplets are fats, or triacylglycerides: esters of fatty acids and glycerol. Their presence makes cells an emulsion, Farese explains, and while we know in terms of physics how emulsions form, in biochemistry, questions arise about “how nature evolved proteins and lipids to govern that process in a regulated way.”
Knowing how fats are metabolized has consequences: mutated versions of DGAT1 cause congenital diarrhea syndrome, and physicians may soon block DGAT2 to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; the latter is in clinical trials. Overactive versions of DGAT enzymes will have plants and microbes producing oils for food or fuel for us.
And regarding obesity and conditions where people are underweight, Walther wants people to know, “We’re making a lot of progress, and there’s a lot of hope.”
2022 91影库award winners
Lea Michel, 91影库Early Career Leadership Award
Marlene Belfort, 91影库Mid-Career Leadership Award
Michael Airola, Walter A. Shaw Young Investigator Award in Lipid Research
Alex Toker, Avanti Award in Lipids
Tatyana Sharpee, Delano Award for Computational Biosciences
Tracy Johnson, Ruth Kisrchstein Diversity in Science Award
Martin Bollinger, William C. Rose Award
Joe Provost, 91影库Award for Exemplary Contributions to Education
Greg Wang, 91影库Young Investigator Award
Janet Smith, Mildred Cohn Award
Kathleen Collins, Earl and Thressa Stadtman Distinguished Scientist Award
Elaine Fuchs, Bert and Natalie Vallee Award in Biomedical Science
Susan Taylor, Herbert Tabor Research Award
John Boothroyd, Alice and C.C. Wang Award in Molecular Parasitology
Enjoy reading 91影库Today?
Become a member to receive the print edition four times a year and the digital edition monthly.
Learn moreGet the latest from 91影库Today
Enter your email address, and we鈥檒l send you a weekly email with recent articles, interviews and more.
Latest in People
People highlights or most popular articles

Fliesler wins scientific and ethical awards
He is being honored by the University at Buffalo and the American Oil Chemists' Society for his scientific achievements and ethical integrity.

Hope for a cure hangs on research
Amid drastic proposed cuts to biomedical research, rare disease families like Hailey Adkisson鈥檚 fight for survival and hope. Without funding, science can鈥檛 鈥渃atch up鈥 to help the patients who need it most.

Before we鈥檝e lost what we can鈥檛 rebuild: Hope for prion disease
Sonia Vallabh and Eric Minikel, a husband-and-wife team racing to cure prion disease, helped develop ION717, an antisense oligonucleotide treatment now in clinical trials. Their mission is personal 鈥 and just getting started.

91影库members recognized as Allen investigators
Ileana Cristea, Sarah Cohen, Itay Budin and Christopher Obara are among 14 researchers selected as Allen Distinguished Investigators by the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation.

AI can be an asset, 91影库educators say
Pedagogy experts share how they use artificial intelligence to save time, increase accessibility and prepare students for a changing world.

91影库undergraduate education programs foster tomorrow鈥檚 scientific minds
Learn how the society empowers educators and the next generation of scientists through community as well as accreditation and professional development programs that support evidence-based teaching and inclusive pedagogy.